原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层热力学与耐磨性研究

熔覆层性能难以满足特定的工艺要求，已成为限制激光熔覆发展的关键因素之一.鉴于此，在45号钢基体上制备出原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层，并进行了热力学分析.通过XRD，SEM和EDS对其微观形貌及组成成分进行了分析，对其显微硬度及耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:激光功率的改变对激光熔覆过程中原位反应的反应程度有显著影响，过大或者过小的激光功率均会对原位反应的发生起到抑制作用;YCF102熔覆层中原位生成的NbC颗粒的主要形态为四边形和花瓣形;当激光功率为525W时，原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度及良好的耐磨性.     

复合淋洗剂对土壤中铬的淋洗规律

采用静态实验方法， 考虑研究成本及环保要求， 选用价格低廉且生物可降解的柠檬酸、 酒石酸、 水、 鼠李糖脂、 草酸及富里酸6种淋洗剂， 对高质量比Cr污染土壤进行淋洗修复. 首先考察土壤中不同陈化时间Cr对淋洗效果的影响； 其次筛选淋洗剂并优化淋洗条件； 最后考察多种复配淋洗组合， 确定最佳复配淋洗剂. 结果表明： Cr陈化时间对总Cr去除率的影响较小， 而对Cr（Ⅵ）去除率影响明显； 不同淋洗剂对总Cr和Cr（Ⅵ）淋洗效果不同， 草酸和柠檬酸均可有效去除总Cr和Cr（Ⅵ）； 对总Cr和Cr（Ⅵ）去除最优的淋洗条件是0.5 mol/L草酸或柠檬酸、m(固)∶V(液）=1∶10, 淋洗1次； 在最优淋洗条件下， 对土壤重金属Cr的去除效果较好.     

Reductive leaching of low-grade manganese ore with pre-processed cornstalk

Cornstalk is usually directly used as a reductant in reductive leaching manganese. However, low utilization of cornstalk makes low manganese dissolution ratio. In the research, pretreatment for cornstalk was proposed to improve manganese dissolution ratio. Cornstalk was preprocessed by a heated sulfuric acid solution (1.2 M of sulfuric acid concentration) for 10 min at 80°C. Thereafter, both the pretreated solu-tion and the residue were used as a reductant for manganese leaching. This method not only exhibited superior activity for hydrolyzing corn-stalk but also enhanced manganese dissolution. These effects were attributed to an increase in the amount of reductive sugars resulting from lignin hydrolysis. Through acid pretreatment for cornstalk, the manganese dissolution ratio was improved from 50.14%to 83.46%. The pre-sent work demonstrates for the first time the effective acid pretreatment of cornstalk to provide a cost-effective reductant for manganese leaching.     

真空碳热还原酸浸含钛高炉渣制备TiC分析

含钛高炉渣中含有20%~30%的TiO_2,是一种附加值较高的二次资源,但在综合利用过程中存在氧化物还原难度大,硅钛难分离,二次污染严重等问题。基于热力学理论基础,采用真空碳热还原联合酸浸工艺处理含钛高炉渣制备TiC。结果表明:真空有助于钛氧化物彻底还原,可实现渣中硅钛彻底分离,减少酸耗量,降低二次污染。真空碳热还原联合酸浸工艺处理含钛高炉渣(TiO_2含量23%左右)制备TiC的最佳条件为:炉渣粒度200目,还原温度1 673K,渣碳质量比100∶38。     

高钒合金铸铁的组织与耐磨性能

为了提高合金铸铁的耐磨性,通过成分设计、材料配比以及熔炼浇注等工艺,制备出含C质量分数为3.0%的高钒合金铸铁,并分析了高钒合金铸铁的组织与耐磨性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对高钒合金铸铁的显微组织及物相进行分析,并对高钒合金铸铁的洛氏硬度、冲击韧性和耐磨性进行研究。结果表明:高钒合金铸铁的组成相主要为原位合成的VC硬质颗粒相、(Cr,Fe)7C3相以及Fe-Cr相,其平均洛氏硬度约为HRC64.2,平均冲击韧性为8.8 J/cm2,耐磨性是高铬铸铁的2倍左右,具有很好的耐磨性能。     

格栅状地下连续墙现场试验与基坑支护性能分析

相比于泥浆成槽法的传统实腹式地下连续墙,采用高频振动沉模成孔方式的格栅状地下连续墙的成墙效果和支护性能研究尚处于空白。首先,开展了软土地质条件下格栅状地下连续墙的成墙现场试验研究,继而采用有限单元方法计算得到了背景工程开挖全过程的墙体变形、地面沉降和坑底隆起等支护性能指标变化规律;分析了嵌固深度、地面超载、支撑截面等参数上述指标的影响性特征。结果表明,格栅状地下连续墙的墙身混凝土浇筑质量能够满足强度和抗渗性能要求;其支护性能与传统的钻孔桩和地下连续墙相近,仅截面刚度存在差异,因此可按照桩、墙结构进行设计;为完善结构构造和结点体系,应进一步开展试点工程的应用性研究。     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

云南蜂胶中多酚化合物的HPLC分析研究

建立了利用高效液相色谱法同时测定提取物中6种多酚化合物的方法,利用冷浸超声法制备蜂胶乙醇提取物:以绿原酸为标准,在765 nm波长下,用FoIin-Ciocalteus法测定提取物中的总酚酸含量;以芦丁为标准,在510 nm波长下测定提取物中总黄酮含量;对采自云南3个地区的蜂胶样品进行HPLC分析.结果表明:云南不同产...     

太阳能硅制备过程湿法提纯SiO2的研究

研究了SiO2体系中去除金属和非金属杂质的方法.考察了浸出剂浓度、温度、反应时间、搅拌等因素的影响,采用ICP、SEM等对产品进行了表征,分析了不同工艺条件对杂质去除率的影响程度.当工艺条件为:w(HF)=1.0%与w(H2C2O4)=1.5%在100℃温度下处理60~150目的石英粉4 h,Fe、Ca和P的去除率分别达到了99.8%,72.7%和67.8%,湿法冶金可以去除SiO2中的绝大部分Fe杂质和大部分Ca和P杂质,反应前30 min为化学反应控制,后转为内扩散控制.     

低品位钼精矿的钼提取研究

采用焙烧—氨浸—渣碱浸工艺对某低品位钼精矿进行钼提取的研究.结果表明,碳酸钠的加入能有效分解钼酸钙,提高钼的提取率.焙烧—氨浸阶段最优工艺条件为焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间2 h,氨浸温度80℃,氨水过量系数1.4,碳酸钠用量467 kg/t,液固比4.浸出渣中的钼分别采用酸法(HCl)和碱法(Na2CO3+NaOH)进行提取.结果表明:酸法仅可回收渣中34.92%的钼,而且操作过程不易控制,不适合实际应用;碱法(Na2CO3+NaOH)处理工艺中碳酸钠用量533 kg/t,氢氧化钠用量433 kg/t.放大实验结果显示整个流程钼的回收率达到96.8%.